Imagine you and a stranger are sitting on a couch. How close would you sit to them? It turns out that how much of a (26)_______ zone you prefer may reveal a lot about your personality. In one study, researchers sought to (27)_______ how our personality may be linked to our preferred amount of personal space. The researchers found that people who scored higher in the (28)_______ of agreeableness tended to sit closer to others, as did people who were more open and outgoing. Other individual differences, such as gender and age, can also affect how much personal space we (29)_______. Women tend to prefer more physical distance from strangers or acquaintances and older adults also generally tend to prefer to keep more distance between themselves and others. Beyond reflecting our personality and (30)_______, the amount of personal space we prefer is also linked to our cultural backgrounds. In a study involving participants from 42 countries, researchers found that around the world people's desired amount of personal space varied (31)_______. For example, in Romania, the average amount of personal space people said they would prefer from a stranger was more than 4 feet, whereas in Argentina it was roughly half that. What might (32)_______ this variation? The researchers looked at a number of (33)_______ factors, but the only one that was significantly (34)_______ with preferred interpersonal distance was average temperature. The warmer the place, it seems, the "warmer" the people and the less space they needed between them and others. Personal space may also reflect interpersonal attraction. Researchers have found that our chosen physical (35)_______ also appears to reflect how much we like others. The more people would like to be friends with the other person, the closer they sat to them.
第 27 题（选词填空）：Imagine you and a stranger are sitting on a couch. How close would you sit to them? It turns out that how much of a (26)_______ zone you prefer may reveal a lot about your personality.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：B
第 28 题（选词填空）：In one study, researchers sought to (27)_______ how our personality may be linked to our preferred amount of personal space.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：A
第 29 题（选词填空）：The researchers found that people who scored higher in the (28)_______ of agreeableness tended to sit closer to others, as did people who were more open and outgoing.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：N
第 30 题（选词填空）：Other individual differences, such as gender and age, can also affect how much personal space we (29)_______.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：D
第 31 题（选词填空）：Beyond reflecting our personality and (30)_______, the amount of personal space we prefer is also linked to our cultural backgrounds.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：E
第 32 题（选词填空）：In a study involving participants from 42 countries, researchers found that around the world people's desired amount of personal space varied (31)_______.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：M
第 33 题（选词填空）：What might (32)_______ this variation?
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：O
第 34 题（选词填空）：The researchers looked at a number of (33)_______ factors, but the only one that was significantly (34)_______ with preferred interpersonal distance was average temperature.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：I
第 35 题（选词填空）：The researchers looked at a number of potential factors, but the only one that was significantly (34)_______ with preferred interpersonal distance was average temperature.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：C
第 36 题（选词填空）：Researchers have found that our chosen physical (35)_______ also appears to reflect how much we like others.
- A. ascertain
- B. buffer
- C. correlated
- D. crave
- E. demographics
- F. entail
- G. legitimately
- H. mandated
- I. potential
- J. proximity
- K. rigid
- L. statistics
- M. substantially
- N. trait
- O. underlie
答案：J
Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. [A] The cost of a mortgage or rents, meeting monthly utility bills, paying for a new car—all headaches most people get to worry about from their 20s. But while some may struggle to pay their bills after a few too many nights out at the start of the month, others will have a tightly followed plan for their repayments. So what is the difference between the shrewd saver and the more reckless spender? [B] Experts believe it is all about the age you learn how to spend responsibly. Adult money habits are typically set by the age of seven, according to a large-scale study by the government's Money Advice Service and behaviour experts at Cambridge University. By then, most children have grasped how to recognise the value of money and are capable of complex functions such as planning ahead, delaying a decision until later and understanding that some choices are irreversible. [C] Tomorrow marks the start of Global Money Week, a worldwide initiative to help children make smart financial decisions and learn that "money matters matter". But for many young people in the UK, it's a matter of too little, too late. "The habits of mind which influence the ways children approach complex problems and decisions, including financial ones, are largely determined in the first few years of life," says Dr David Whitebread, the co-author of the study. And this core behaviour is very likely to influence their financial decisions when they are adults, he says. [D] The study also urges parents not to underestimate their own good and bad money habits. "Since young children have few monetary resources they control independently, it is the basic approaches and skills which are modelled, discussed and demonstrated by parents that are likely to be influential levers, breeding efficient habits and practices," it says. [E] Parents who choose to help their children learn how to plan ahead, reflect on the past and self-regulate can make a huge difference in promoting good financial behaviour in the future, explains Whitebread. According to a survey by M&G Investments, the vast majority (83%) of parents recognise the value of teaching their children about money. However, this concern does not always carry through to practice—one in six do not feel confident enough to do it. More than one in every four parents think children should take responsibility for understanding money themselves. [F] "There's joy in the fact that young children are spontaneous and live life in the moment, unrestrained by adult problems. But teaching children about money when they are young is a good way for parents to help them learn to delay satisfaction, so that the child thinks: 'I'd like to do this but I'm not going to'. Hard evidence suggests, if you want your child to do well in life, the earlier you can start trying to teach them inhibition and self-discipline, the better," says Whitebread, pointing to research that has shown people in prison frequently have poor impulse control, a personality trait that can affect relationships and long-term health. [G] But how should a parent try to teach their child to spend responsibly? One simple way is to give them pocket money and then help them to analyse and learn from any foolish spending decisions. [H] Another is through board games which can help teach financial responsibility. Pop to the Shops, a shopping board game for five-to-nine-year-olds, has been one of Orchard Toys' top 10 bestselling board games every year for the past 15 years. To win, players must use fake coins to purchase everyday grocery items from various shops around the board, and give the other players who visit their shop the correct change. If they don't have enough money, they must purchase a cheaper item. "It acts as a conversation starter about money—parents can fill in the gaps," says Orchard Toys product manager Rachael Sutcliffe. [I] There are also some pocket-money-tracking and payment apps, such as RoosterMoney and goHenry, which are designed to be used by under-sevens, and which boast that they can help children develop good money habits. This is dependent on the children receiving enough pocket money to need an app to track their spending, which research suggests is not always the case. [J] Surprisingly, given the research about habit-forming in young children, there are very few gaming apps that can help under-sevens—Pigby's Fair, developed by NatWest, being a notable exception. In this, children who solve basic puzzles will earn virtual money selling what they have made at different stalls in a fair, then spend or save it. But the need to shift virtual money around, and take into account interest payments and pocket money bonuses, makes it a complex financial education tool. [K] There are plenty of online games which focus on coin recognition and counting with money, such as the Igloo Shopping game or Top Marks' Coins Game. So what if children find such games boring? An exciting (and free) real-world option for parents to use is a visit to Metro Bank. Although, like most banks, it does not allow children to open an account until they turn 11, it specifically tries to offer young children a chance to learn about money inside its branches by inviting kids to use the "magic money machines" to count their coins. Children who accurately guess how much was in their piggy bank (猪形储钱罐) get a prize, and free candies are handed out when the coins are exchanged for banknotes. The bank does not take a commission from the transaction. [L] At six years old, my daughter Flora is getting to grips with her finances early. She tested out a number of games aimed at teaching children her age the value of money. She enjoyed them all, but best, in her view, is Money Match Cafe, a board game where she must work out the value of different denominations (面额) of coin in her imaginary restaurant, her "customers" being her stuffed toys. "It was really fun because you get to serve food to your own toys-on a little tray with a napkin on it, and then you can hug them," she says. [M] "If you're six and you play this game, you'll learn that you might not have the right amount of money for what you want to buy. You just have to cross your fingers and hope. It's a good challenge, and I enjoyed adding the coins up to see how much they made. But I don't like the name. Money Match Cafe is not a good name for a cafe. I would have liked it more if it had been Flora's Cafe or Fantastically Baked Lunches." [N] Seven out of ten teachers think children are now faced with financial decisions earlier. On Wednesday, Lifesavers—a new project which promotes financial education in primary schools—is hosting a conference to encourage teachers to join its programme and get free classroom resources and training. Almost two-thirds of millennials (千禧一代) wish they had received more money advice at a younger age, according to a Santander survey. [O] Only a third of parents involve their children in discussions about their household finances, even though less than half of young people aged seven to seventeen receive financial education at school, another survey shows. [P] Most adults believe their parents have had the biggest influence on their money behaviour. So when should they start trying to instil (灌输) good habits? As early as possible before the age of seven, research suggests.
第 37 题：36. Most parents realise the importance of teaching their children how to handle money, but many of them actually don't do much in this respect.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：E
第 38 题：37. People differ substantially in their way of managing finance.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：A
第 39 题：38. Parents can easily teach children how to spend responsibly by helping them draw lessons from bad decisions on spending.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：G
第 40 题：39. Many young British people badly lack money management skills and they don't learn them early enough.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：C
第 41 题：40. The majority of adults believe that their spending habits have been influenced the most by their parents.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：P
第 42 题：41. There are apps designed specifically for children under 7 to help them track pocket money spending.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：I
第 43 题：42. According to experts, the age a person learns to manage finance responsibly determines the way they handle money thereafter.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：B
第 44 题：43. Most teachers are of the opinion that children today need to make financial decisions at a younger age.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：N
第 45 题：44. Parents serve as effective role models in shaping children's money management habits.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：D
第 46 题：45. According to one study, about 30% of parents allow their children to participate in discussions on their family finances.
- A. Paragraph A
- B. Paragraph B
- C. Paragraph C
- D. Paragraph D
- E. Paragraph E
- F. Paragraph F
- G. Paragraph G
- H. Paragraph H
- I. Paragraph I
- J. Paragraph J
- K. Paragraph K
- L. Paragraph L
- M. Paragraph M
- N. Paragraph N
- O. Paragraph O
- P. Paragraph P
答案：O
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Three artists have brought a lawsuit against Stability AI, DeviantArt, and Midjourney, alleging that the text-to-image AI tools have infringed the rights of thousands of artists. The lawsuit claims that the Stable Diffusion tool used by Stability AI, DeviantArt, and Midjourney was trained on billions of copyrighted images downloaded from the internet and used by the companies "without compensation or consent from the artists." The artists are represented by The Joseph Saveri Law Firm and Matthew Butterick. "If Stable Diffusion and similar products are allowed to continue to operate as they do now, the foreseeable result is they will replace the very artists whose stolen works power these AI products with whom they are competing," the law firm wrote in a press release. "AI image products are not just an infringement of artists' rights; they will eliminate 'artist' as a viable career path. In addition to obtaining compensation for the wrongful conduct, this lawsuit seeks to prevent that outcome and ensure these products follow the same rules as any other new technology that involves the use of massive amounts of intellectual property. If streaming music can be accomplished within the law, so can AI products." Since text-to-image generators have increased in popularity in the past year, many artists have been vocalizing their opposition to AI art after seeing their own distorted signatures appear in AI art and finding out that their work was used to train the tools without their permission. Not only are many artists furious at the possible copyright violations of AI art, but they have also been frustrated by how AI tools are able to sidestep the labor and art processes they are required to go through. As a result, many artists have been trying to ban AI art from art-sharing platforms. As AI innovation continues at a rapid speed, it seems that artists and lawmakers are trying to put a brake on further developments before it's too late. Many tech enthusiasts are still rallying around the promise of AI tools to create detailed images cheaply and quickly—anonymous tech supporters have already published a response to Butterick and Joseph Saveri's lawsuit on a website, using the "fair use" clause as the basis for why copyrighted images could be used by the tool. Fair use, a legal doctrine that allows for a limited usage of copyrighted materials without permission by the original creators for purposes such as teaching and news sharing, is what a lot of generative model creators claim that their training data is covered by. However, since fair use applies differently to each case, it's hard to make a blanket statement about all works in a dataset as being applicable.
第 47 题：46. Why have three artists brought a lawsuit against Stability AI, DeviantArt, and Midjourney?
- A. They claim that the use of the Stable Diffusion tool is a violation of law.
- B. They claim these companies infringed their intellectual property rights.
- C. They want to stop the use of all AI tools in the creation of art works.
- D. They want to prevent artists from being compelled to rely on AI tools.
答案：B
第 48 题：47. What will happen if Stable Diffusion and similar products are allowed to continue to operate as they do now, according to the law firm?
- A. Intellectual property laws will be hard to enforce.
- B. Fewer artists will invest talent in artistic creation.
- C. Artists will lose their means of subsistence.
- D. Copied works will flood the art market.
答案：C
第 49 题：48. What makes artists furious aside from copyright infringement?
- A. Art works produced with AI tools are not banned from art-sharing platforms.
- B. Text-to-image generators have won such great popularity in the past year.
- C. Their distorted signatures appear more and more frequently in AI art.
- D. AI tools can bypass the considerable labor involved in creating art works.
答案：D
第 50 题：49. What do we learn from the passage about many AI enthusiasts?
- A. They look forward to AI tools creating good-quality art works.
- B. They claim artists can use copyrighted materials just as teachers do.
- C. They support AI's limited use of copyrighted images without permission.
- D. They wish the "fair use" clause would be applicable to all works in a dataset.
答案：C
第 51 题：50. What does the author think of the "fair use" clause in copyright law?
- A. It may determine the final verdict of the case.
- B. It may not apply to the present legal case.
- C. It does not cover the works of all artists.
- D. It is subject to different interpretations.
答案：B
Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. On a warm October morning, Daniel Agok woke up to another disappointing day at his school in Wanyjok, South Sudan. The classes he had planned teaching computer skills to aspiring young professionals were canceled, due to an unreliable diesel generator and the absence of a municipal power grid in his area. Now, he would be losing frustrated customers as well as income. Agok is just one of the hundreds of millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa, many of whom are business owners, who still do not have dependable electricity. This inequitable access to energy continues to put their livelihood and future at risk. The current system keeps a lid on the economic talents of people like Agok and his students. We must instead unleash their abilities and let Africa reach its true economic potential. That means wiring Africa with clean, dependable energy. Historically, national governments on the continent have led electrification efforts, but fewer than half of the people surveyed say that the national grid is providing a reliable supply of electricity. This has led to expensive and harmful temporary "solutions." In Nigeria alone experts estimate people spend $13 billion every year on fuel for toxic, polluting generators. That number will only grow as the continent's population hits 2.5 billion people by 2050. Deploying modern grid infrastructure with speed and at scale is essential to replacing these temporary solutions with reliable and affordable alternatives. The rapidly growing private power sector in Africa holds the key to achieving the speed and scale necessary to close the continent's energy access gap. Private companies today are building world-class infrastructure and driving forward economic growth with sustainable business models. In fact, many governments agree and have begun to embrace the private sector as partners in providing reliable power at scale. In South Africa, President Cyril Ramaphosa has streamlined licensing requirements and enlisted the private sector to play a key role. South Africa is just one example. Across the continent, the private sector has delivered power faster and more reliably, and governments are increasingly turning to private partners. With the right funding and structure in place, the private sector will come together to provide this essential service. After all, electrifying sub-Saharan Africa is a $350 billion opportunity. Today, Daniel Agok is steadily growing his business in South Sudan. His town of Wanyjok was electrified by a private company, providing clean, reliable, and affordable power to his business and his neighbors. Agok now operates his growing computer skills training business smoothly. His classes are no longer affected by the smell and the constant noise of the diesel generator, and he saves money with more affordable power. His students are developing hardware and software skills.
第 52 题：51. What do we learn about the current electric supply system in Africa?
- A. It curbs the economic development of the continent.
- B. It mainly depends on the polluting diesel generators.
- C. It is the primary cause of inequitable distribution of wealth.
- D. It deprives many Africans of the opportunity to use computers.
答案：A
第 53 题：52. What do we learn from the passage about Africa's past electrification efforts?
- A. They have failed to meet most Africans' need of a reliable power supply.
- B. They have failed to build a national grid to provide electric power.
- C. They have unleashed the true economic potential of the continent.
- D. They have aimed at wiring Africa with clean, dependable energy.
答案：A
第 54 题：53. What is essential to tackling the power supply shortage in Africa?
- A. Replacing temporary solutions with long-term strategies.
- B. Accelerating economic growth with sustainable policies.
- C. Restructuring national power generation companies.
- D. Putting in place a large-scale modern power grid speedily.
答案：D
第 55 题：54. What are many governments in Africa doing to solve the electricity supply problem?
- A. Focusing on building world-class infrastructures.
- B. Relying on the private sector for scale economy.
- C. Launching sustainable business models.
- D. Cooperating with private companies.
答案：D
第 56 题：55. Why will private companies be motivated to join the effort of electrifying sub-Saharan Africa?
- A. There is big money to be made.
- B. They have enough funding in place.
- C. South Africa has set a successful example.
- D. Governments are turning to them for help.
答案：A