Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
第 1 题 · 写作问答(106.5分)
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
本题为主观题，AI 无法自动判分。请自行对照参考答案评估。
2019年12月 大学英语四级考试真题（第三套） — 完整试卷练习 · 即时判分
Part I Writing（30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
第 1 题（106.5分）问答
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：Hello Tom,
I'm pretty excited to hear that you are going to pursue a postgraduate degree in economics in China. If you are still uncertain about which college to apply to, why not go to Renmin University of China (RUC)?
I recommend it mainly because of its academic reputation. Today, it is widely recognized for its strengths in the fields of humanities and social sciences.
The School of Economics often invites distinguished scholars at home and abroad to academic forums or seminars. You will definitely gain new insights into various economic issues by attending them as a student. Another striking feature of this university is its vibrant campus life, as evidenced by activities such as Fun Sports Games, school orienteering competitions and the annual International Culture Festival. You will find them all highly enjoyable. Moreover, RUC is conveniently situated close to bus stops and subway stations, so you can spend your spare time exploring the city of Beijing.
Of course, it's totally up to you. Let me know if you make a final decision. Anyway, welcome to China.
Yours,
Zhang Lei
Part II Listening Comprehension（25 minutes）
Section A
第 2 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1.
Section A
第 3 题（7.1分）单选
2.
Section A
第 4 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.
Section A
第 5 题（7.1分）单选
4.
Section A
第 6 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.
Section A
第 7 题（7.1分）单选
6.
Section A
第 8 题（7.1分）单选
7.
Section B
第 9 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.
Section B
第 10 题（7.1分）单选
9.
Section B
第 11 题（7.1分）单选
10.
Section B
第 12 题（7.1分）单选
11.
Section B
第 13 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.
Section B
第 14 题（7.1分）单选
13.
Section B
第 15 题（7.1分）单选
14.
Section B
第 16 题（7.1分）单选
15.
Section C
第 17 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
Section C
第 18 题（7.1分）单选
17.
Section C
第 19 题（7.1分）单选
18.
Section C
第 20 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.
Section C
第 21 题（7.1分）单选
20.
Section C
第 22 题（7.1分）单选
21.
Section C
第 23 题（7.1分）单选
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.
Section C
第 24 题（7.1分）单选
23.
Section C
第 25 题（7.1分）单选
24.
Section C
第 26 题（7.1分）单选
25.
Part III Reading Comprehension（40 minutes）
Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you're planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the (26)_______ feeling air travel often leaves you with.
Besides the airport crowds and stress, travelling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is (27)_______ to prevent altitude sickness, you could still (28)_______ sleeplessness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is (29)_______ to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain (30)_______. To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.
Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you (31)_______ thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A dry mouth may (32)_______ taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.
Although in-flight infections (33)_______ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_______ used. Unless you're sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn't worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands (35)_______.
Although in-flight infections (33)_______ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_______ used.
Although in-flight infections thrive in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_______ used.
However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands (35)_______.
答案：F
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own
[A] Getting around a city is one thing—and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses "rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale."
[B] "The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air," Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. "From the outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness," says Kasarda. "The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport."
[C] Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an "international business district" doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想) this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.
[D] Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea. "Gangnam Style" refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo. "I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo," says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. "Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice."
[E] The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that's not how it has turned out. Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.
[F] The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing baby carriages, old women with walkers—even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that's the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. "It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work," says Scott Summers, vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fishing. Shimmering (闪烁的) glass towers line the canal's edge.
[G] "What's happened is that our focus on creating that quality of life first has enabled the residents to live here," Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.
[H] But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. "I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace," says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. "I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights." But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.
[I] Park Yeon Soo, the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, "like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate." But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.
[J] Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. "There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that they have vanished entirely." In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.
Section B
第 37 题（7.1分）单选
36. Songdo's popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.
Section B
第 38 题（7.1分）单选
37. The man who conceived Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.
Section B
第 39 题（7.1分）单选
38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.
Section B
第 40 题（7.1分）单选
39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.
Section B
第 41 题（7.1分）单选
40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.
Section B
第 42 题（7.1分）单选
41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.
Section B
第 43 题（7.1分）单选
42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.
Section B
第 44 题（7.1分）单选
43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.
Section B
第 45 题（7.1分）单选
44. According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen in the future.
Section B
第 46 题（7.1分）单选
45. Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税) 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.
"The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low-and no-calorie choices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it."
An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax".
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. "Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'just Berkeley' anymore."
Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulder are becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.
Section C Passage One
第 47 题（7.1分）单选
46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?
Section C Passage One
第 48 题（7.1分）单选
47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?
Section C Passage One
第 49 题（7.1分）单选
48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?
Section C Passage One
第 50 题（7.1分）单选
49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?
Section C Passage One
第 51 题（7.1分）单选
50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming "status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.
However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
Section C Passage Two
第 52 题（7.1分）单选
51. What is the finding of the new study?
Section C Passage Two
第 53 题（7.1分）单选
52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
Section C Passage Two
第 54 题（7.1分）单选
53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
Section C Passage Two
第 55 题（7.1分）单选
54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?
Section C Passage Two
第 56 题（7.1分）单选
55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
Part IV Translation（30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
参考答案：The full name of a Han Chinese consists of a family name and a given name. A distinctive feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given name. For thousands of years, Chinese family names have been passed down through the father. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for a child to adopt the mother's family name. Generally, a given name is made up of one or two characters, usually carrying the parents' wishes for their child. It can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents want their child to be, or what kind of life they expect him or her to lead. Chinese parents attach great importance to the choice of their child's name, as the name tends to accompany the child for his or her entire life.
2019年12月 大学英语四级考试真题（第三套） — 完整试卷与参考答案展开查看收起
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
第 1 题：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
答案：Hello Tom,
I'm pretty excited to hear that you are going to pursue a postgraduate degree in economics in China. If you are still uncertain about which college to apply to, why not go to Renmin University of China (RUC)?
I recommend it mainly because of its academic reputation. Today, it is widely recognized for its strengths in the fields of humanities and social sciences.
The School of Economics often invites distinguished scholars at home and abroad to academic forums or seminars. You will definitely gain new insights into various economic issues by attending them as a student. Another striking feature of this university is its vibrant campus life, as evidenced by activities such as Fun Sports Games, school orienteering competitions and the annual International Culture Festival. You will find them all highly enjoyable. Moreover, RUC is conveniently situated close to bus stops and subway stations, so you can spend your spare time exploring the city of Beijing.
Of course, it's totally up to you. Let me know if you make a final decision. Anyway, welcome to China.
Yours,
Zhang Lei
Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)
第 2 题：Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1.
A. The number of male nurses has gone down.
B. There is discrimination against male nurses.
C. There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.
D. The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.
答案：A
第 3 题：2.
A. Working conditions.
B. Educational system.
C. Inadequate pay.
D. Cultural bias.
答案：D
第 4 题：Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.
A. He fell out of a lifeboat.
B. He was almost drowned.
C. He lost his way on a beach.
D. He enjoyed swimming in the sea.
答案：B
第 5 题：4.
A. The lifeboats patrol the area round the clock.
B. The beach is a good place to watch the tide.
C. The emergency services are efficient.
D. The beach is a popular tourist resort.
答案：C
第 6 题：Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.
A. It climbed 25 storeys at one go.
B. It broke into an office room.
C. It escaped from a local zoo.
D. It became an online star.
答案：D
第 7 题：6.
A. Release it into the wild.
B. Return it to its owner.
C. Send it back to the zoo.
D. Give it a physical checkup.
答案：A
第 8 题：7.
A. A raccoon can perform acts no human can.
B. A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.
C. The raccoon did something no politician could.
D. The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.
答案：C
第 9 题：Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.
A. She received a bonus unexpectedly.
B. She got a well-paying job in a bank.
C. She received her first monthly salary.
D. She got a pay raise for her performance.
答案：C
第 10 题：9.
A. Two decades ago.
B. Several years ago.
C. Just last month.
D. Right after graduation.
答案：A
第 11 题：10.
A. He sent a small check to his parents.
B. He treated his parents to a nice meal.
C. He took a few of his friends to a gym.
D. He immediately deposited it in a bank.
答案：B
第 12 题：11.
A. Join her colleagues for gym exercise.
B. Visit her former university campus.
C. Buy some professional clothes.
D. Budget her salary carefully.
答案：A
第 13 题：Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.
A. He has just too many things to attend to.
B. He has been overworked recently.
C. He has a difficult decision to make.
D. He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.
答案：C
第 14 题：13.
A. Turn to his girlfriend for assistance.
B. Give priority to things more urgent.
C. Think twice before making the decision.
D. Seek advice from his family and advisor.
答案：D
第 15 题：14.
A. His girlfriend does not support his decision.
B. He is not particularly keen on the job offered.
C. He lacks the money for his doctoral program.
D. His parents and advisor have different opinions.
答案：D
第 16 题：15.
A. They need time to make preparations.
B. They haven't started their careers yet.
C. They need to save enough money for it.
D. They haven't won their parents' approval.
答案：B
第 17 题：Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
A. Expressing ideas and opinions freely.
B. Enriching social and intellectual lives.
C. Acquiring information and professional knowledge.
D. Using information to understand and solve problems.
答案：D
第 18 题：17.
A. Traveling to different places in the world.
B. Playing games that challenge one's mind.
C. Improving mind-reading strategies.
D. Reading classic scientific literature.
答案：B
第 19 题：18.
A. Participate in debates or discussions.
B. Expose themselves to different cultures.
C. Discard personal biases and prejudices.
D. Give others freedom to express themselves.
答案：A
第 20 题：Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.
A. Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.
B. The nature of relationships between dogs.
C. The reason a great many people love dogs.
D. How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.
答案：B
第 21 题：20.
A. They behave like other animals in many ways.
B. They have an unusual sense of responsibility.
C. They can respond to humans' questions.
D. They can fall in love just like humans.
答案：D
第 22 题：21.
A. They stay with one partner for life.
B. They have their own joys and sorrows.
C. They experience true romantic love.
D. They help humans in various ways.
答案：A
第 23 题：Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.
A. A rare animal.
B. A historical site.
C. A cow bone.
D. A precious stone.
答案：C
第 24 题：23.
A. Dating it.
B. Preserving it.
C. Measuring it.
D. Identifying it.
答案：B
第 25 题：24.
A. The channel needs to interview the boy.
B. The boy should have called an expert.
C. The boy's family had acted correctly.
D. The site should have been protected.
答案：C
第 26 题：25.
A. Conduct a more detailed search.
B. Ask the university to reward Jude.
C. Search for similar fossils elsewhere.
D. Seek additional funds for the search.
答案：A
Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you're planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the (26)_______ feeling air travel often leaves you with.
Besides the airport crowds and stress, travelling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is (27)_______ to prevent altitude sickness, you could still (28)_______ sleeplessness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is (29)_______ to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain (30)_______. To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.
Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you (31)_______ thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A dry mouth may (32)_______ taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.
Although in-flight infections (33)_______ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_______ used. Unless you're sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn't worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands (35)_______.
第 27 题（选词填空）：If you're planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the (26)_______ feeling air travel often leaves you with.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：O
第 28 题（选词填空）：Although the pressure of the cabin is (27)_______ to prevent altitude sickness, you could still (28)_______ sleeplessness or a headache.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：A
第 29 题（选词填空）：Although the pressure of the cabin is adjusted to prevent altitude sickness, you could still (28)_______ sleeplessness or a headache.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：D
第 30 题（选词填空）：The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is (29)_______ to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：C
第 31 题（选词填空）：A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain (30)_______.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：G
第 32 题（选词填空）：Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you (31)_______ thought.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：H
第 33 题（选词填空）：A dry mouth may (32)_______ taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：K
第 34 题（选词填空）：Although in-flight infections (33)_______ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_______ used.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：N
第 35 题（选词填空）：Although in-flight infections thrive in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_______ used.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：E
第 36 题（选词填空）：However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands (35)_______.
A. adjusted
B. channels
C. equivalent
D. experience
E. filters
F. frequently
G. individuals
H. originally
I. particular
J. primarily
K. reduce
L. renovated
M. smooth
N. thrive
O. unpleasant
答案：F
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own
[A] Getting around a city is one thing—and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses "rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale."
[B] "The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air," Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. "From the outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness," says Kasarda. "The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport."
[C] Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an "international business district" doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想) this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.
[D] Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea. "Gangnam Style" refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo. "I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo," says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. "Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice."
[E] The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that's not how it has turned out. Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.
[F] The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing baby carriages, old women with walkers—even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that's the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. "It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work," says Scott Summers, vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fishing. Shimmering (闪烁的) glass towers line the canal's edge.
[G] "What's happened is that our focus on creating that quality of life first has enabled the residents to live here," Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.
[H] But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. "I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace," says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. "I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights." But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.
[I] Park Yeon Soo, the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, "like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate." But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.
[J] Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. "There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that they have vanished entirely." In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.
第 37 题：36. Songdo's popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：F
第 38 题：37. The man who conceived Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：I
第 39 题：38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：D
第 40 题：39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：G
第 41 题：40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：B
第 42 题：41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：E
第 43 题：42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：H
第 44 题：43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：A
第 45 题：44. According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen in the future.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：J
第 46 题：45. Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
E. Paragraph E
F. Paragraph F
G. Paragraph G
H. Paragraph H
I. Paragraph I
J. Paragraph J
答案：C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税) 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.
"The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low-and no-calorie choices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it."
An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax".
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. "Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'just Berkeley' anymore."
Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulder are becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.
第 47 题：46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?
A. It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.
B. It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.
C. It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.
D. It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.
答案：B
第 48 题：47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?
A. Bargain with the city council.
B. Refuse to pay additional tax.
C. Take legal action against it.
D. Try to win public support.
答案：C
第 49 题：48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?
A. It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.
B. It tried to win grocers' support against the measure.
C. It kept sending letters of protest to the media.
D. It criticized the measure through advertising.
答案：D
第 50 题：49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?
A. Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.
B. Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.
C. Add to the fund for their research on diseases.
D. Benefit low-income people across the country.
答案：B
第 51 题：50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?
A. They are becoming rather sensitive issues.
B. They are spreading panic in the soda industry.
C. They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.
D. They are taking away a lot of profit from the soda industry.
答案：A
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming "status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.
However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
第 52 题：51. What is the finding of the new study?
A. Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.
B. The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.
C. CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.
D. The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.
答案：D
第 53 题：52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
A. They are becoming more affordable.
B. They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.
C. They are getting much easier to operate.
D. They take less time to cook than other appliances.
答案：A
第 54 题：53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
A. Cooking food of different varieties.
B. Improving microwave users' habits.
C. Eating less to cut energy consumption.
D. Using microwave ovens less frequently.
答案：B
第 55 题：54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?
A. There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
B. People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.
C. The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.
D. More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.
答案：A
第 56 题：55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
A. It will become less popular in the coming decades.
B. It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.
C. It plays a positive role in environmental protection.
D. It consumes more power than conventional cooking.
答案：C
Part IV Translation(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
答案：The full name of a Han Chinese consists of a family name and a given name. A distinctive feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given name. For thousands of years, Chinese family names have been passed down through the father. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for a child to adopt the mother's family name. Generally, a given name is made up of one or two characters, usually carrying the parents' wishes for their child. It can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents want their child to be, or what kind of life they expect him or her to lead. Chinese parents attach great importance to the choice of their child's name, as the name tends to accompany the child for his or her entire life.